IELTS vocabulary: Technology

This list gives 12 useful B2–C1 words and collocations about technology, each with a clear definition and a natural example you can use in Writing Task 2 and Speaking Part 3.

automation noun: The use of machines or software to perform tasks that were previously done by people.; “Many factories in the town increased automation to keep production steady while reducing labour costs.”
artificial intelligence noun: Computer systems that can perform tasks requiring human-like intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, or making decisions.; “The local clinic uses artificial intelligence to analyse X-rays more quickly than manual review.”
machine learning noun: A type of artificial intelligence where computers improve performance by finding patterns in large amounts of data.; “Researchers applied machine learning to the city's transport data to predict rush-hour congestion.”
digital divide noun: The gap between people who have access to digital technology and the internet and those who do not.; “During the pandemic, the digital divide in rural valleys meant many children missed out on online lessons.”
data privacy noun: The right of individuals to control how their personal information is collected, stored, and shared.; “Citizens demanded stronger data privacy protections after an app leaked users' location histories.”
cybersecurity noun: Measures and technologies used to protect computers, networks, and data from unauthorized access or attacks.; “After a ransomware incident, the university overhauled its cybersecurity and trained staff on safe password habits.”
obsolescence noun: The process by which something becomes outdated or no longer useful, often because newer technology replaces it.; “Frequent software updates can cause early obsolescence for older smartphones, frustrating budget-conscious users.”
ubiquitous adjective: Appearing to be everywhere; very common or widespread.; “In the city of Marlowe, free Wi‑Fi is now so ubiquitous that people rarely use wired internet at home.”
to revolutionize verb: To change something fundamentally and dramatically, usually in a positive way.; “Affordable battery storage could revolutionize how small towns manage their electricity supply.”
to disrupt verb: To interrupt or change the usual way an industry or system operates, often through new technology or business models.; “Online marketplaces have disrupted traditional retail by connecting local makers directly with customers.”
user-friendly adjective: Easy to use or understand, especially referring to software, devices, or systems.; “The council designed a user-friendly website so residents could report street problems in under a minute.”
ethical dilemma noun: A situation where it is hard to choose the right action because different moral principles conflict, commonly arising with new technologies.; “Developers faced an ethical dilemma: improve safety with more surveillance, or protect citizens' privacy.”